Computer Network Protocol

Protocol is the language of communication between one computer with other computers. Just like humans who communicate with the same language as well. Computer, the computer also communicate with one another if both computers use the same protocol. Own protocol functions work together to handle the data transmission process. The protocol frequently used or that are widely used for data communication in large areas of the TCP / IP (Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).

Computer Network Protocol 

TCP / IP (which stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)

Is a data communications standard used by the Internet community in the process of exchanging data from one computer to another computer on the network Internet. This protocol is not able to stand on its own, because it is a collection of protocols protocols (protocol suite). This protocol is the most widely used protocol today. Data are implemented in software (software) in the operating system. The term given to this software is the TCP / IP stack

TCP / IP was developed in the late 1970s to the early 1980s as a standard protocol for connecting computers and networks to form an extensive network (WAN). TCP / IP is an open network standard that is independent of physical network transport mechanism that is used, so it can be used anywhere. This protocol uses a simple scheme called the IP address (IP Address), which allows up to several hundred million computers to be able to talk to each other on the Internet. This protocol is routable, which means the protocol is suitable for connecting different systems (such as Microsoft Windows and UNIX family) to form a heterogeneous network.

TCP / IP has always evolved over time, given the increasing demand for computer network and the Internet. The development was carried out by several agencies, such as the Internet Society (ISOC), the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Various kinds of protocols running on top of TCP / IP addressing scheme, and the concept of TCP / IP defined in documents called Request for Comments (RFC) issued by the IETF.

Communication Protocol TCP / IP

In the TCP / IP protocol, there are several sub that handles the communication between computers. TCP / IP merngimplemenasikan layered architecture consisting of four layers, which are:  

• Application layer protocol

is responsible for providing access to applications to services TCP / IP network. This protocol includes the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) , and many other protocols. In some protocol stack implementations, such as Microsoft TCP / IP application layer protocols interact with the interface using Windows Sockets (Winsock) or NetBIOS over TCP / IP (NetBT). 

• Inter-layer protocol host  

useful to make the communication connection using the session connection-oriented or connectionless broadcast nature. The protocols in this layer is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). 

• Internetwork layer protocol

responsible for mapping (routing) and the encapsulation of network data packets into IP packets. The protocol works in this layer is the Internet Protocol (IP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). 

• Protocol layer interface

responsible for putting the network frames on the media network used. TCP / IP can work with many transport technologies, ranging from transport technologies in the LAN (such as Ethernet and Token Ring), MAN and WAN (such as dial-up modems that run on the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Integrated Services Digital network (ISDN) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)